HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Fri, 25 May 2012 01:17:59 GMT Server: Apache/2.0 Last-Modified: Tue, 23 Sep 2008 14:20:50 GMT ETag: "176c1-10600-dfe3d480" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 67072 Connection: close Content-Type: application/msword ࡱ>  }| bjbj 4hhy99999MMMMi\M"(!!!!!!!$#\&B!9  !99!I!I!I! .99!I! !I!I!I!`M RI!!!0"I!&I!&I!&9I!8@$RI!vRw!!I!" & : A study of family mediation during divorce in the Pakistani muslim community in Bradford : some observations on the implications for the theory and practice of conflict resolution. Nunnerley, Margaret L. Bradford 2003. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. Ph.D. thesis.. Summary: Conflict resolution theory and practice have been increasingly criticised for ignoring the centrality of culture in their attempts to find theories and models that are applicable universally, not only across cultures but also across levels of society. Mediation is one form of conflict resolution, which has come to occupy a central position in the resolution disputes both at international and local levels. At the level of family disputes, family mediation has failed to engage users from different ethnic groups in England and Wales. This thesis explores the hypothesis that culture and, in particular, culturally defined concepts of gender are the important factors determining the success or failure of medial in divorce disputes. Community development and conflict resolution : an examination of the potential for complementary strategies in post-settlement contexts, with special reference to Northern Ireland and South Africa. O'Brien, Constance R. Bradford 2003. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. Ph.D. thesis. This study examines the potential for complementary community development/conflict resolution strategies in post-settlement contexts. South Africa and Northern Ireland were chosen as the case studies for comparison. In-depth, face-to-face interviewing was carried out during the period 1999 to 2002. Key representatives of various community development/conflict resolution NGOs and other key informers were targeted. Fifty-five interviews were selected for analysis. The main research questions focused on examining the following: the potential for conflict to be alleviated and/or exacerbated through community development/conflict resolution strategies; the impact of NGO/State partnerships; the theory and practice links between community development and conflict resolution; and the development of a complementary framework that is both theoretically and empirically grounded. An analysis of the findings indicated that the activities carried out by the targeted NGOs constituted key, peace-building tasks. These tasks were: meeting social/human needs; facilitating people-driven, people-centred approaches to development and the resolution of conflict; promoting a culture of human rights and non-violence; and building up a democratic process through civic education, public participation in policy formulation and monitoring government. Empirical data also showed that convergent community development and conflict resolution practices were, in fact, taking place in both contexts (Northern Ireland and South Africa) with positive results. This study also highlighted the specific vulnerabilities regarding the future of both democracies. Whilst the NGO sector as part of civil society cannot be offered as a panacea for a country's problems, it is clear that a robust civil society in partnership with the State and other sectors could play a role in peace-building. Drawing on the empirical data, a framework of 'convergence' showing key peace-building tasks, has been developed. British peacekeeping : an examination of the history of doctrine and practice 1956-2000. Curran, David Manus. Bradford 2004. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. M.Phil. thesis. United Nations Peacekeeping has developed drastically since its inception in 1956. The traditional notions of peacekeeping that were outlined in the Hammerskjold/Pearson model have been challenged with interventions and doctrinal developments in the 1990's. The UN is now at a major crossroads in its policy towards peacekeeping and has a number of possible directions to take peacekeeping. Britain has always maintained a strong interest in peacekeeping operations at every level. It has sought to have influence in missions on both a political level and on the ground level. This has brought mixed results, but most importantly has brought a comprehensive change in British peacekeeping doctrine. This thesis explores the development of British peacekeeping doctrine and practice. It first examines British involvement in peacekeeping operations in the Cold War (the era of 'traditional peacekeeping'), and then explores doctrinal developments in the light of the Agenda for Peace and endings of the Cold War. British involvement in UNPROFOR is then discussed and finally the thesis examines the doctrinal developments leading up to Peace Support Operation (PSO) doctrine, It concludes by discussing the effects PSO has had on the United Nations before giving a British perspective on the possible way forward for peacekeeping operations. There are few such accounts of British peacekeeping in the academic literature so this thesis aims to shed new light on the field of United Nations Peacekeeping Conflict prevention in the Americas : some observations on malnutrition as an early warning indicator. Valente Hervier, Ximena Alejandra. Bradford 2004. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. M.Phil. thesis. The dissertation explores the current debate around the concept of conflict prevention, taking into particular account the role of the international organisations in its implementation, and the different methodologies that have been used in different contexts. The research analyses different early warning systems implemented world-wide, in order to identify and explore a system relevant to the requirements of the focal location, the sub-region of Latin America, specifically the MERCOSUR area, taking as a case study the situation in Argentina. A particular emphasis is placed on malnutrition and its underlying causes, as a prompt and reliable indicator which may be valid to use in early warning tools in the region Trauma, therapy and conflict : posttraumatic stress and the process of peacemaking following the 1991-1995 war in Croatia, explored through the work of Adam Curle. Mitchels, Barbara Mary. Bradford 2003. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. Dr. A. B. Fetherston. Ph.D. thesis. The thesis explores the relationship of trauma, therapy and conflict, through the work of Adam Curle. Chapter One provides an overview of the development of peace studies, situating Curie within it as an international peacemaker and a founder of the academic study of peace. Chapter Two describes Curie's pivotal role in the transition in peace theory from its initial focus on 'top down' mediations to effecting relational change, considering the contribution of social psychology to conflict analysis and peacemaking practice, and exploring the psychological causes and effects of conflict. Chapter Three deepens the exploration of the psychological effects of war, considering the concept, diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress. It explores the effects and social impact of posttraumatic stress, including psychophysiology, complex posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth and the impact of posttraumatic stress on children and families. Chapters Four and Five together describe a case study in Eastern Slavonia to elicit the views of five non-governmental projects about the experience of the local community following the 1991-1995 war in Croatia, focusing on ways in which local psychological and social needs could be addressed in the context of peacemaking. The thesis concludes that some psychological effects of the post war syndrome might be ameliorated by appropriate locally designed community activities (with mental health treatments available if necessary on referral), and that, with further research, a better understanding of the nature, effects and treatment of posttraumatic stress might make a contribution to understanding the process of post conflict peacebuilding The United Nations mission for the referendum in Western Sahara : a case study of MINURSO, including a re-evaluation of the relationship between peacekeeping and coflict resolution. Sola i Martin, Andreu. Bradford 2004. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. Ph.D. thesis. This research project is the first comprehensive study on the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. Its aim is, not only to fill a gap in the literature on peacekeeping, but also to explore the implications and links between the mechanisms put in place by MINURSO in relation to conflict resolution. This thesis contains two parts. The first part examines MINURSO by applying a conventional pattern of analysis. This analysis is structured around three main tasks which are undertaken by the International Community in response to conflict: peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. MINURSO is also evaluated in light of the conclusions of the Brahimi panel related to reforms to UN Peacekeeping Operations. The second part of the MINURSO case study examines the operative analytical potential of new theoretical grounds in peacekeeping research. In particular, this research explores the possibilities of using a Foucualtian analysis to look at the links between peacekeeping, Western policies of conflict containment and the parties' (Morocco and POLISARIO Front) production of power/knowledge. To sum up, this research project draws conclusions with a view to enhancing conflict resolution capabilities in peacekeeping practice Peacemaking and nonviolent resistance : a study of the complementarity between conflict resolution processes and nonviolent intervention, with special reference to the case of Israel/Palestine. Dudouet, Veronique. Bradford 2005. Supervisor: Dr. T. Woodhouse. Ph.D. thesis. The purpose of this research is to explore various linkages between nonviolent resistance and conflict resolution, both as distinct academic disciplines, and as complementary styles of intervention in asymmetrical conflicts. Chapter I develops the argument that in conflicts rooted in economic disparity, political repression or social discrimination, traditional conflict resolution processes ("Track I" negotiation between leaders, "Track II" problem-solving encounters at the civil society level) cannot be efficient unless accompanied by a transformation of the power balance between the contestants. Chapter II investigates the hypothesis that if the purpose of conflict resolution is to make conflicts more symmetrical while less violent, nonviolent confrontation is its necessary complement. Chapter III explores a contingency model of intervention in asymmetric conflicts, integrating nonviolent resistance and conflict resolution into a complementary framework. The Israeli/Palestinian conflict is used to test these conceptual propositions empirically. Chapter IV defines it as a typical case of asymmetric conflict, and critically assesses various mediated or direct peacemaking activities which have taken place in the region, arguing that they have failed to resolve the core structural elements of the conflict. Chapters V and VI analyse issues of violent versus nonviolent resistance against the occupation during the first (1987-93) and second (2000-ongoing) Palestinian intifadas. Finally, chapter VII explores the degree of sequential complementarity and functional coordination between the multiple interventions in favour of justice and/or peace in Israel/Palestine, arising both from within the ranks of the conflicting parties (internal bridge-builders and activists) and from the international community (external mediators and advocates). The internet and post-conflict peacebuilding : a study with special reference to Kosovo. Levy, Laina Reynolds. Bradford 2004. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. Prof. O. Ramsbotham. Ph.D. thesis This thesis is about the contribution that the Internet has made, and could make, to the theory and practice of post-conflict peacebuilding. The rapidly expanding use and power of ICTs is one of the most remarkable techno-social developments of the modem era, but as of yet the impact of the 'Information Revolution' has received little critical analysis in the field of Conflict Resolution. The thesis contributes to the development of, peacebuilding theory by documenting the real-world uses of the Internet by organisations operating in the challenging and complex post-conflict context of Kosovo between 2000 and 2003. By combining a global perspective, gained from literature reviews and an overview of uses of the Internet in peace-related fields, together with a field perspective gained from interviews with 33 local and international peacebuilding organisations in Kosovo, an original and empirically grounded understanding of the emergent uses of ICTs in this complex environment is generated. The analysis indicates that the widespread use of ICTs in Kosovo is having two main categories of effects: Firstly, the use of email, the Web and other ICTs supports the existing activities of peacebuilding organisations, enabling better communication, coordination and information-sharing. On a deeper level, the widespread use of ICT is one of the structural preconditions transforming the environment and working practices of contemporary post-conflict peacebuilding Peace operations and accountability for war crimes : an analysis of the issue of the detention of indicted war criminals from 1996-2005. Lyck, Majbritt. Bradford 2006. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. Ph.D. thesis. Typescript. Summary: The objective of this thesis is to examine the incorporation of the detention of indicted war criminals into peace enforcement theory and practice. The thesis addresses the following four research questions: 1) What is the current state of the enforcement of international humane law? 2) Is the arrest of indicted war criminals a part of the mandates and doctrines of contemporary peace enforcement? 3) What policies and practices have recent peace enforcement missions implemented in order to detain indicted war criminals? and .4) How should future~ peace enforcement missions address the challenge of detaining indicted war criminals? The first section discusses the methods and methodology that underpin this research project. The second section criticises the literature on peacekeeping; introduces theories on trans-nationalism, cosmopolitanism and transitional justice; and discusses how these theories can make a positive contribution to the development of the next generation of peace enforcement theory. The third section examines the enforcement of international humane law. The first two chapters in this section examine the penal sanctions against individuals that have been included in international humane treaty law and what parts of international humane treaty law international criminal tribunals have dealt with and thereby included in international criminal law. The last two chapters in section three examine what obstacles international criminal tribunals have encountered in their attempt to hold individuals accountable for mass violations of international criminal law. They also discuss the current state of the enforcement of international humane law. Section four examines whether the detention of indicted war criminals has been included in the mandate and doctrines of contemporary peace enforcement operations. The first chapter in section five examines the way the various peace enforcement missions have interpreted their mandate regarding the detention of indicted war criminals. The last chapter examines the practices that the various peace enforcement missions have implemented in order to detain indicted war criminals. The last section considers recommendations that future peace enforcement missions might implement in order to more effectively detain indicted war criminals. Finally the conclusion summarises the findings of the research and briefly discusses the prospects and challenges of incorporating the detention of indicted war criminals into the mandates of future peace enforcement missions Responding to racism : the challenge to conflict resolution and peace education. MPhil. Thesis Bischoff, Christina. Bradford : University of Bradford, 2007. HYPERLINK "http://ipac.brad.ac.uk/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=12124790KH75M.203568&profile=dial&uri=search=TL%7E%21United%20Nations%20peace%20operations,%20human%20security%20and%20conflict%20transformation%20:%20the%20case%20of%20the%20mission%20in%20Afghanistan.&term=United%20Nations%20peace%20operations,%20human%20security%20and%20conflict%20transformation%20:%20the%20case%20of%20the%20mission%20in%20Afghanistan.&aspect=subtab43&menu=search&source=%7E%21dial" \t "_blank" \o "United Nations peace operations, human security and conflict transformation : the case of the mission in Afghanistan."United Nations peace operations, human security and conflict transformation : the case of the mission in Afghanistan.byHYPERLINK "http://ipac.brad.ac.uk/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=12124790KH75M.203568&profile=dial&uri=search=AL%7E%21Hasegawa,%20Yuka.&ri=2&aspect=subtab43&menu=search&source=%7E%21dial" \t "_blank"Hasegawa,Yuka.Bradford 2005. Department: University of Bradford. Department of Peace Studies. Theses. Description: 368p. Theses Notes: Ph.D. thesis. Typescript.  Set in the context of the current discourse on peacekeeping operations, this thesis argues for UN peace operations to be critically conceptualised using a framework of conflict transformation. This research places the concept of human security, which encompasses human rights and humanitarian imperatives, in human needs theory and redefines the impartiality of UN peace operations. These two concepts, human security and impartiality, are formulated into an analytical framework through which the case of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) is examined. From this case study, it is suggested that the political and military nature of conflict can be addressed using strategies for human security, protection and empowerment. These strategies, in turn, would signify the impartiality of UN peace operations. It is argued, therefore, that impartiality based on the value of human security should be established as the determining characteristic of UN peace operations. This thesis concludes with the view that a re-examination of UN peace operations, emphasising the link between human security and impartiality, would contribute to a better understanding of the role of the UN in both conflict and post-conflict situations and lead to the conceptualisation of UN peace operations in the field of conflict resolution. Resilience and war trauma : peacekeepers' perspectives. by McManus, Martha M. Bradford 2004. Supervisor: Dr. A. B. Fetherston. M.Phil. thesis. United Nations Peacekeepers face new and increasingly dangerous challenges as complex operations have increased in the last 15 years. Missions have broadened in composition, mandate, and multiple roles that can place peacekeepers in intrastate conflicts with no peace to keep. In response to the increasing issues of exposure to traumatic stressors of war, U.N. and contributing countries strive to identify preventative measures for managing trauma. While there is recognition of a majority of people who are highly resilient in facing traumatic stressors, there is little research on what that resilience looks like for peacekeepers. Grounded theory research using appreciative inquiry methods expands understanding of resilient peacekeepers and their experience of trauma Trauma, therapy and conflict : posttraumatic stress and the process of peacemaking following the 1991-1995 war in Croatia, explored through the work of Adam Curle. by Mitchels, Barbara Mary. Bradford 2003. Supervisor: Prof. T. Woodhouse. Dr. A. B. Fetherston. Ph.D. thesis. The thesis explores the relationship of trauma, therapy and conflict, through the work of Adam Curle. Chapter One provides an overview of the development of peace studies, situating Curie within it as an international peacemaker and a founder of the academic study of peace. Chapter Two describes Curie's pivotal role in the transition in peace theory from its initial focus on 'top down' mediations to effecting relational change, considering the contribution of social psychology to conflict analysis and peacemaking practice, and exploring the psychological causes and effects of conflict. Chapter Three deepens the exploration of the psychological effects of war, considering the concept, diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress. It explores the effects and social impact of posttraumatic stress, including psychophysiology, complex posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth and the impact of posttraumatic stress on children and families. Chapters Four and Five together describe a case study in Eastern Slavonia to elicit the views of five non-governmental projects about the experience of the local community following the 1991-1995 war in Croatia, focusing on ways in which local psychological and social needs could be addressed in the context of peacemaking. The thesis concludes that some psychological effects of the post war syndrome might be ameliorated by appropriate locally designed community activities (with mental health treatments available if necessary on referral), and that, with further research, a better understanding of the nature, effects and treatment of posttraumatic stress might make a contribution to understanding the process of post conflict peacebuilding Conflict sensitive humanitarian aid : the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies and the Better Programming Initiative. by Bragadottir, Helga Bara. Bradford 2004. Supervisor: Dr. N. Lewer. M.Phil. thesis. This thesis explores conflict sensitive approaches to humanitarian aid in the context of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Federation) and it's Better Programming Initiative (BPI). The first part of the thesis covers conceptual and theoretical issues related to peace and conflict impact assessment, whilst the second part analyses the Federation and its conflict sensitive approach. Chapter One defines and discusses underlying concepts related to humanitarian aid and peacebuilding. Chapter Two introduces general concepts of project planning and assessment, and goes on to explain and explore peace and conflict impact assessment. Chapter Three provides an overview of the Federation, exploring its background, ideology and ethics. Chapter Four looks at the BPI framework. Its conceptual background is explained and critically examined, and then the practical steps the Federation has developed to put the BPI into practice are discussed. Chapter Five presents a case study of how the BPI has been mainstreamed and implemented in Latin America, and goes on to determine staff views and experiences with the BPI. The concluding chapter draws the various threads together and summarises the factors that have influenced the implementation of the Federation's BPI. Community level conflict transformation for sustainable peace : a barefoot university for peace education in Sri Lanka. by Alfred, Monica. Bradford 2004. Supervisor: Dr. N. Lewer. M.Phil. thesis. Sri Lanka has experienced a devastating civil war for two decades. A ceasefire signed in February 2002 between the LTTE and GoSL is still holding (August 2004). As a result, NGOs are using this opportunity to establish their peacebuilding activities. To help prevent, manage and resolve conflict requires interventions at many levels that must be complementary and contingent of actors from all segments of society in Sri Lanka. But the grassroots community level is excluded from the peacebuilding process, and it is these actors who suffer the most severe consequences of the war. Adapting Lederach's (1999) division of three power levels in society, I introduce a new level (a 4th level) in order to account for and provide a special focus to this sector of Sri Lankan society. While appreciating the diverse approaches to peacebuilding in Sri Lanka, this study will show that there is no systematic peace education that would include these 4th level actors. Such peace education should ensure that the conventional academic theories and concepts of peace education are made available in appropriate ways for this grassroots level intervention. Therefore, this thesis introduces the concept of a Barefoot University for Peace Education to bridge these gaps, and build a sustainable bottom-up peacebuilding to address the deep-rooted protracted conflict in Sri Lanka. It is proposed that AHIMSA, a local organisation has the necessary experience and characteristics to develop this concept further. The challenges to building peace in the aftermath of war : a critical study of international approaches with special reference to Kosovo's post-war peacebuilding and the return and integration of the displaced. by Llamazares, Monica. Bradford 2005. Supervisor: Dr. N. Lewer. Ph.D. thesis. This research argues that a consensual definition and converging approaches to postwar peacebuilding can be discerned amongst research, policy and programming contributions. It critically examines the normative and pragmatic 'forces' behind these processes. Using Kosovo's post-war peacebuilding as an exploratory (or test?) case study, it offers empirical evidence of the consensus and convergence in integrated and coordinated approaches to building peace. It examines the impacts that such top-down, prescriptive and disempowering approaches have on the return and integration of Kosovo's IDPs and refugees, the flagship peacebuilding program of the UN-led Mission. Finally it proposes an analytic framework within which researchers, policymakers and implementers can ask critical questions about their assumptions and approaches to peacebuilding to devise more principled, emancipatory and transformative contributions. Non-lethal weapons : technology for lowering casualties? by Feakin, Tobias William. Bradford 2005. Supervisor: Dr. N. Lewer. Ph.D. thesis. During the past 15 years non-lethal weapons have gained significant international attention. The key aim of this thesis is to test the research hypothesis that: 'NLWs are now being introduced into police and military forces with the intention of lowering casualties'. The hypothesis is tested using four measures: 1). Is the weapon itself designed not to cause death or permanent injury? 2). Does the operational doctrine support NLWs lowering casualties. 3). Does the training that military/police receive in the use of NLWs intend them to lower casualties? 4). Has the operational experience of V NLWs led to the lowering of casualties? Chapter One examines the key literature source from the past 45 years, assessing the main rationales and implications of the use of non-lethal weapons. The complexities of defining these weapons is explored and the 'ICE' equation is formulated which is used to assess the case studies. Chapter Two reviews NLWs technologies. Chapter Three explores the development of the infrastructure within the US and NATO for the research, development and deployment of non-lethal weapons. Case studies of their operational use in Kosovo and Iraq are assessed. Chapter Four explores the case study of India. It shows that India is developing non-lethal weapons and is deploying them within its' military and police units. Chapter Five analyses the operational deployment of non-lethal weapons by the Indian RAF both within India and the UN Mission in Kosovo. It illustrates both how non-lethal weapons can assist in lowering casualty rates within police/military operations, but how if misused they can have harmful effects. The findings overwhelmingly support the research hypothesis Educating for peace impact assessment: a role for personal construct theory? : a critical study of personal construct theory's contribution to the assessment of peaceable value transfer generated by participation in eduating for peace initiatives. Gibbons, Helga I. Bradford 2006. Supervisor: Dr. N. Lewer. Ph.D. thesis. The thesis argues that Personal Construct Theory provides a means of measuring individuals' adoption of peaceable values as a consequence of their participation in certain types of Educating for Peace initiatives, thereby enhancing current peacebuilding impact assessment mechanisms. The study identifies the extent to which an international consensus has emerged regarding the theory and practice of Educating for Peace and considers the evidence of its application/relevance to the Sierra Leone context. The thesis subsequently distinguishes several challenges inherent to- impact assessment within the field and judges current evaluative mechanisms to be deficient in the measurement of a central precept of Educating for Peace, namely the adoption of peaceable values. A supplementary evaluative methodology, based upon the epistemology, methodology and analytical techniques of Personal Construct Theory, is consequently created, tested upon initiatives within Sierra Leone and refined. The thesis' original contribution straddles two aspects of impact assessment: the attempt to capture value transfer as a result of participation in Educating for Peace initiatives the application of the principles, methods and analytical approaches of Personal Construct Theory to evaluation within the peacebuilding sector. Liberating memory? : the challenges of coming to terms with the past in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina. by Kelly, Rhys. Bradford 2003. Supervisor: Prof. O. Ramsbotham. Ph.D. thesis. This thesis adopts memory as a conceptual tool and object of analysis in the study of processes of conflict escalation and post-conflict peacebuilding. It examines the nature and dynamics of remembering and forgetting, in both theoretical terms and through applied analysis in a case-study: Bosnia-Herzegovina. Particular attention is given to the interdependence of memory and identity, the role of language and narrative in cognitive and communicative processes, and the intersubjective nature of identity formation. The thesis identifies the psychological, contextual, and political-ideological factors that determined the presence and meaning of memory both prior to, and following, the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. It then explores what a process for coming to terms with the past means in post-war Bosnia and in the wider region. It is suggested that this process has a cognitive dimension - the challenge of making memory conscious and establishing reliable truth about the past; and a normative dimension - the challenge of establishing a shared horizon in discourse about the facts and ethical implications of genocide. These two dimensions of 'coming-to-terms' together relate to the possibility of individual and social healing, justice and reconciliation, social learning and conflict prevention. 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